Органи робітничої медицини в системі охорони здоров’я УСРР у 20-х рр. ХХ ст.
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Date
2019Author
Мельничук, Олег
Мельничук, Олег
Melnychuk, Oleh
Мельничук, Максим
Мельничук, Максим
Melnychuk, Maksym
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У статті висвітлено організаційно-правові основи становлення в системі
охорони здоров’я УСРР 20-х рр. ХХ ст. органів робітничої медицини. У період нової економічної
політики означені органи надавали медичні послуги робітникам та службовцям за рахунок
коштів медичного страхування. Аналізуючи практичну діяльність органів робітничої
медицини із обслуговування застрахованих, автори відзначають ефективність їх роботи,
результатом якої було покращення якості наданих медичних послуг . В статье освещены организационно-правовые основы становления в системе здравоохранения УССР 20-х гг. ХХ в. органов рабочей медицины. В период новой экономической политики обозначенные органы оказывали медицинские услуги рабочим и служащим за счет средств медицинского страхования. Анализируя практическую деятельность органов рабочей медицины по обслуживанию застрахованных, авторы отмечают эффективность их работы, результатом которой было улучшение качества предоставляемых медицинских услуг The article deals with the organizational and legal basis and practice of medical insurance in the
Ukrainian SSR in the 20's of the 20th century. On the basis of the analysis of sources and literature,
the place of the working (insurance) medical institutions in the Soviet system of health protection has
been determined. Their work has been analyzed to provide workers and employers with medical
assistance, and the quality of the provided medical services is assessed.
The authors note that the new economic policy, the basis of which was the introduction of
market mechanisms in the country's economy, forced the Bolsheviks for a while to abandon the idea
of free medicine. In conditions of material difficulty, the state party leadership agreed to the
introduction of insurance medicine to finance the medical support of workers of enterprises and
employers of the Soviet apparatus, which formed the social resistance of the ruling regime.
For the purpose of medical care of these categories, the People's Commissariat of Health of the
Ukrainian SSR and its local authorities established an independent network of medical and preventive care institutions that were maintained and serviced at the expense of a separate insurance fund. As
part of the local health departments there were departments and subdivisions of labor medicine, and
under the People's Commissariat of Public Health of the Ukrainian SSR - the department of labor
medicine.
Analyzing the practical work of the organs of labor medicine on maintenance of the insured, the
authors note the effectiveness of their work, which resulted in improved quality of medical services
provided. However, the emergence of insurance medicine in the bowels of the People's Commissariat
of Health and the desire of the Bolsheviks to maintain a unified Soviet socialist medicine did not
contribute to the self-sufficient development of this insurance institute. With the curtailment of the NEP
and the takeover of the modernization of the national economy, the government provided the single
leadership of medical care institutions, finally eliminating the labor (medical) healthcare field on the
ground