Розбудова інституту президентства у Чехословацькій республіці у 1918-1919 рр.

Abstract

У статті висвітлено розбудову інституту президентства у Чехословацькій республіці у 1918-1919 рр. і внесок Т. Ґ. Масарика у цей процес. Наголошено, що завдяки розширенню повноважень президента, на чому наполягав Т. Ґ. Масарик, інститут глави держави перетворився у потужний стабілізаційний елемент у державі. Розбудовуючи інститут президентства, Т. Ґ. Масарик отримав і реалізував можливість спрямовувати політичний розвиток Чехословаччини як демократичної стабільної держави.

В статье освещено развитие института президентства в Чехословацкой республике в 1918-1919 гг. и вклад Т. Г. Масарика в этот процесс. Подчеркнуто, что благодаря расширению полномочий президента, на чем настаивал Т. Г. Масарик, институт главы государства превратился в мощный стабилизационный элемент в государстве. Развивая институт президентства Т. Г. Масарик получил и реализовал возможность направлять политическое развитие Чехословакии как демократического стабильного государства.

The article reflected the development of the president‘s institution in the Czechoslovak republic in 1918-1919. Based on published sources and scientific works, the distinction between the approaches of representatives of the Czechoslovak emigration and the internal liberation movement in relation to the institution of the head of state, which, in accordance, defended the models of presidency in the USA and France. In this article are revealed the views of T. G. Masaryk on the personality of the president as a politically active person, the process of the emergence and evolution of the institute of Presidency in the Czechoslovak Republic in 1918-1919 was explored and the role of T. G. Masaryk in this article was highlighted. In this context, there were analyzed such important aspects of the development of this institution as the definition of the powers of the President in the Provisional Constitution from November 13, 1918 and the law on the change of the temporal constitution from May 23, 1919. It is emphasized that due to the expansion of the president‘s powers, the institution of the state‘s head has become a powerful stabilizing element in the state. Also there was covered the creation of the Office of the President of the Republic as an institutional support for the functions of the head of state. It was noted that with the creation of the President‘s Office of the Republic, the formation of T. G. Masaryk's group of close politicians, known as the Grad group, began to form. In constructing the institute of Presidency, T. G. Masaryk gained and realized the opportunity to direct the political development of Czechoslovakia as a stable democratic state.